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1.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 75(6)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535659

ABSTRACT

Las quemaduras son un problema de interés en salud pública ya que generan un alto índice de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, las quemaduras térmicas son las más prevalentes y pueden alterar la integridad anatómica, funcional y estética de la piel, aspectos fundamentales para la autoestima del paciente y su capacidad para reintegrarse a la sociedad. Al revisar la literatura sobre el tratamiento de estas afecciones encontramos diversos tratamientos, entre ellos el uso de membrana amniótica humana, la cual ha tenido un impacto importante en el manejo de quemaduras al funcionar como andamio biológico con cualidades regenerativas y antiinflamatorias. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo sintetizar la información actual que describe las aplicaciones de membranas amnióticas humanas en quemaduras, realizamos una revisión exploratoria sistemática de la literatura desde 2010 hasta 2021.


Burns are a problem of interest in public health since they generate a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide, thermal burns are the most prevalent and can alter the anatomical, functional and aesthetic integrity of the skin, fundamental aspects for the patient's self-esteem and their ability to reintegrate into society. At review literature about the treatment of these conditions, we find various treatments, including the use of human amniotic membrane, which has had a significant impact on burn management by functioning as a biological scaffold with regenerative and anti-inflammatory qualities. The present article aims to synthesize the current information that describes the applications of human amniotic membranes in burns. We carry out a systematic exploratory review of the literature from 2010 to 2021.

3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535644

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En la actualidad existen pocos estudios con respecto a la evaluación de actitudes y autopercepción de conocimientos de los profesionales de la salud hacia los pacientes con alguna condición de salud mental, y la relación de estas variables con la toma de decisiones respecto de estos pacientes. Desde la experiencia se conoce la dificultad que tienen médicos que no están relacionados con el área de salud mental de afrontar a pacientes con alguna patología psiquiátrica y más aún en las urgencias, ya sea porque reconocen falta de conocimientos del tema, instancias no adecuadas para evaluación además de la alta exigencia de estos servicios. Metodología: El estudio consistió en una encuesta online de carácter transversal aplicada a profesionales de la salud pertenecientes al Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena, ubicado en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. La encuesta incluyó preguntas sociodemográficas, caracterización de experiencias asociadas a diagnósticos de salud mental, y escalas dedicadas a medir variables (autopercepción, actitudes y toma de decisiones). Resultados: A medida que la autopercepción de conocimientos es mayor, el efecto de las actitudes sobre la toma de decisiones también es mayor. Conclusiones: Tanto las actitudes de los profesionales de la salud hacia este tipo de pacientes, así como su autopercepción de conocimientos, son dos componentes fundamentales para asegurar un buen manejo clínico. Resulta importante que exista un balance en cómo se manejan ambas dentro de un servicio, con el fin de asegurar una atención apropiada y centrada en el bienestar del paciente.


Introduction: Currently there are few studies regarding the evaluation of attitudes and self-perception of knowledge of health professionals towards patients with some mental health condition, and the relationship of these variables with decision making regarding these patients. From experience, its known the difficulty that doctors who are not related to the area of mental health have in dealing with patients with some psychiatric pathology and even more so in emergencies, either because they recognize a lack of knowledge of the subject and instances that are not suitable for evaluation. in addition to the high demand of these services. Methodology: The study consisted of a cross-sectional online survey applied to health professionals belonging to the Dr Hernán Henriquez Aravena Hospital, located in the city of Temuco, Chile. The survey included sociodemographic questions, characterization of experiences associated with mental health diagnoses, and scales dedicated to measuring variables (self-perception, attitudes and decision making). Results: As self-perception of knowledge grows, the effect of attitudes on decision making also increases. Conclusions: Both the attitudes of health professionals towards this type of patients, as well as their self-perception of knowledge, are two fundamental components to ensure good clinical management. It is important that there is a balance in how both are managed within a service, in order to ensure appropriate care focused on the patient's well-being.

4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385205

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo fue definir los contenidos mínimos y sus indicadores de aplicación clínica en el currículo de cariología para las escuelas de odontología chilenas. Metodología: Basados en los 5 dominios curriculares internacionales, se elaboró un documento que define los contenidos e indicadores de aplicación clínica para la enseñanza de cariología en Chile. Posteriormente, profesores de cariología de 20 de 21 escuelas de odontología chilenas (95%), sesionaron para revisar, retroalimentar y elaborar el documento final, denominado "Listado de contenidos mínimos e indicadores de aplicación clínica" en cariología para estudiantes de pregrado de odontología en Chile. Resultados: Se definieron 23 contenidos y 31 indicadores de aplicación clínica para la enseñanza de la cariología. La cantidad de contenidos e indicadores separados por dominio fueron respectivamente: conocimiento de base: 5 y 7; riesgo/detección y diagnóstico: 6 y 6; toma de decisiones/manejo preventivo no operatorio: 5 y 5; decisión de tratamiento operatorio: 4 y 9 y cariología basada en la evidencia: 3 y 4. Conclusiones: Se definieron los contenidos mínimos que tributan a cada dominio y sus indicadores de aplicación clínica para la enseñanza de la cariología en Chile.


ABSTRACT: The objective: was to define the minimum contents and their indicators of clinical application in the cariology curriculum for the Chilean Dental Schools. Methodology: Based on the 5 international curricular domains, a document defining the contents and indicators of clinical application for the teaching of cariology in Chile was elaborated. Later, cariology professors from 20 out of the 21 Chilean Dentistry Schools (95%) met to review, feedback and elaborate the final document, called "List of minimum contents and indicators of clinical application" in cariology for undergraduate dentistry students in Chile. Results: Twenty-three contents and 31 indicators of clinical application for the teaching of cariology were agreed upon. The amount of contents and indicators separated by domain respectively were: basic knowledge: 5 and 7; risk/detection and diagnosis: 6 and 6; decision making/non-operative preventive management: 5 and 5; decision of operative treatment: 4 and 9 and evidence-based cariology: 3 and 4. Conclusions: The minimum contents for each domain and its clinical application indicators for the teaching of cariology in Chile were defined.

5.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 37(1,supl.1): 81-89, mayo 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248584

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La meningitis por Mycobacterium tuberculosis es la forma extrapulmonar más letal de la tuberculosis activa, con alta prevalencia en los países en desarrollo, lo que constituye un problema de salud pública. Las formas de presentación extrapulmonar que comprometen el sistema nervioso incluyen la tuberculosis meníngea, el granuloma tuberculoso, el absceso tuberculoso y la radiculomielitis, con una presentación clínica inespecífica que dificulta su oportuno diagnóstico, sumado a la falta de pruebas rápidas con alta sensibilidad y especificidad, el alto costo y la pobre asequibilidad a las pruebas en muchos países. El diagnóstico se basa en pruebas microbiológicas, moleculares y en aquellas basadas en la respuesta del huésped. El diagnóstico microbiológico se basa en la tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen y en el cultivo, este último considerado durante mucho tiempo la prueba diagnóstica de oro. El diagnóstico molecular es más preciso utilizando las pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos, la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, la prueba de GeneXpert MTB/RIF y la prueba Xpert MTB/ RIF Ultra. Debido a la ausencia de una prueba rápida, existen escalas que ayudan a orientar el diagnóstico del paciente, dentro de las cuales merecen citarse la de Thwaites y la de Marais. El tratamiento de la tuberculosis de cepas sensibles incluye un esquema estructurado con isoniazida, rifampicina, pirazinamida y etambutol, sin embargo, en la actualidad la resistencia a los antimicrobianos constituye un problema, por lo cual el tratamiento en la tuberculosis multirresistente debe ser individualizado, con un régimen de tratamiento prolongado.


SUMMARY Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis is the most lethal extrapulmonary form of active tuberculosis with high prevalence in developing countries, which constitutes a public health problem. The extrapulmonary presentation that compromise the nervous system include meningeal tuberculosis, tuberculous granuloma, tuberculosis abscess and radiculomyelitis. A nonspecific clinical presentation, the lack of rapid tests with high sensitivity and specificity, the high cost and poor affordability of testing in many countries make the diagnosis more complicated. The diagnosis is based on microbiological, molecular, and host response based testing. Microbiological diagnosis is based on Ziehl - Neelsen staining and culture, the latter long considered the gold standard diagnostic test. Molecular diagnosis is more accurate using nucleic acid amplification tests, the chain reaction of polymerase, the GeneXpert MTB / RIF test, and the Xpert MTB / RIF Ultra test. Given the absence of a rapid test, there are scales that help guide the patient's diagnosis, within which the Thwaites Scale and the Marais Scale deserve to be mentioned. The treatment of tuberculosis of susceptible strains includes a structured regimen with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, however, antimicrobial resistance is currently a problem for which the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis must be individualized, with a long-term treatment regimen.


Subject(s)
Transit-Oriented Development
6.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(2): 232-238, abr. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098896

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: El desarrollo de aloanticuerpos neutralizantes anti-factor VIII en hemofilia A es la complicación más seria relacionada al tratamiento. La inducción de tolerancia inmune (ITI) o inmunotolerancia es el único tratamiento que erradica inhibidores, permitiendo utilizar nuevamente factor VIII para el tratamiento o profilaxis de eventos hemorrágicos. Objetivo: reportar la experiencia en niños sometidos a inmunotolerancia en la red pública del país. Pacientes y Método: Análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo de 13 niños con Hemofilia A severa e inhibidores persistentes de alto título, que recibieron ITI y seguimiento completo. Se utilizó concentrado de FVIII plasmático en dosis de 70-180 UI/Kg/diarias, definiendo éxito como la negativización del inhibidor y recu peración de la vida media del FVIII. Resultados expresados en media (rango). Resultados: En 13 pacientes se identificó el inhibidor, a una edad de 17,6 meses (2-48), tras 35,2 días (9-112) de exposición a FVIII. Once pacientes (84,6%) recuperaron la vida media del FVIII, tras 49,6 meses (26-70) de tratamiento. En los pacientes que respondieron, el título del inhibidor se negativizó en 7,3 meses (1-20). Conclusiones: En niños con hemofilia A e inhibidores persistentes de alto título, la ITI tiene un elevado éxito. Dado que el tiempo de respuesta es variable, la inmunotolerancia debe ser personalizada.


Abstract: Introduction: The development of anti-factor VIII neutralizing antibodies in hemophilia A is the most severe com plication related to treatment. Immune tolerance induction (ITI) is the only known treatment for eradicating inhibitors. A successful ITI allows using factor VIII (FVIII) again for the treatment or prophylaxis of hemorrhagic events. Objective: To report the experience of pediatric patients who underwent ITI in the country's public health care network. Patients and Method: Retrospective and descriptive analysis of 13 pediatric patients with severe Hemophilia A and high-titer inhibitors persis tence who underwent ITI and complete follow-up. Plasma-derived FVIII concentrate was used at 70 180 IU/kg/day doses. The success of the treatment is defined by achieving a negative titer and a half life recovery of the FVIII. The results were expressed in median (range). Results: In 13 patients, the inhibitor was identified at an average age of 17.6 months, after 35.2 days of exposure to the FVIII. 11 patients (84.6%) recovered the half-life of FVIII after 49.6 months of treatment. In the patients who responded to treatment, the inhibitor titer was negative at 6 months on average. Conclusions: ITI is the treatment of choice for patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors persistence. ITI must be perso nalized since the time response is variable in each patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Factor VIII/therapeutic use , Hemophilia A/therapy , Immune Tolerance/immunology , Immunotherapy/methods , Isoantibodies/immunology , Factor VIII/immunology , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Hemophilia A/immunology
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 80(1): 167-179, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089284

ABSTRACT

Abstract During the last years Phytophthora infestans sensu lato (Mont. De Bary) has caused epidemics in Colombia in Andean fruit crops such as Solanum quitoense and Solanum betaceum. Establishment of new or modified experimental procedures to study this pathogen is a mandatory subject for scientists. Twelve isolates of Phytophthora spp. obtained from six different Solanum hosts in Colombia were used to evaluate the effect of five different solid media for growth and ability to produce sporangia and liberate zoospores. Determination of the best media culture and optimal growth temperature were necessary to perform measurements and correlate the provenance of isolates with phenotypic traits. Modifications were made to use ingredients available in local markets on the following media: lime bean agar (LBA), Tree tomato or tree tomato agar (TA), carrot agar (AZ), Rye A modified agar and 32% non-clarified V8 agar. Cardinal temperature determination was performed at 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. Morphometric traits were measured once the optimal media culture and temperature were defined. Correlation analysis showed that there is a relationship between the host and isolate's preferences for media culture and optimal growth temperature. In addition, the production of characteristic sporangia, sporangiophore and mycelia was related with the media type used and host from which the isolate was collected. In this work useful information was provided to make studies about the biology and development of isolates gathered from cultivated and wild non-traditional hosts.


Resumo Durante os últimos anos Phytophthora infestans sensu lato causou epidemias na Colômbia em lavouras de frutos andinos, como Solanum quitoense e Solanum betaceum. Estabelecimento de procedimentos experimentais novos ou modificados para estudar este patógeno é um assunto obrigatório para os cientistas. Doze isolados de Phytophthora spp. obtidos de seis diferentes hosts Solanum na Colômbia foram usados para avaliar o efeito de cinco diferentes mídias sólidas para o crescimento e a capacidade de produzir esporângios e libertar zoósporos. Determinação da melhor cultura de mídia e temperatura de crescimento ideal foram necessárias para realizar medições e correlacionar a proveniência de isolados com traços fenotípica. Foram feitas modificações para usar os ingredientes disponíveis nos mercados locais nos seguintes meios: ágar do feijão de cal (LBA), tomate da árvore ou ágar do tomate da árvore (TA), ágar da cenoura (AZ), centeio um ágar modificado e 32% de ágar-V8 não-esclarecido. A determinação da temperatura Cardeal foi realizada em 10, 15, 20 e 25 °C. Traços morfométricos foram medidos uma vez que a cultura de mídia ideal e temperatura foram definidos. Análise de correlação mostrou que há uma relação entre o hospedeiro e isolar as preferências para a cultura de mídia e temperatura de crescimento ideal. Além disso, a produção de esporângios característica, esporangióforo e mycelia foi relacionada com o tipo de mídia utilizado e hospedeiros a partir do qual o isolado foi coletado. Neste trabalho foram fornecidas informações úteis para fazer estudos sobre a biologia e o desenvolvimento de isolados recolhidos de hospedeiros não-tradicionais cultivados e selvagens.


Subject(s)
Solanum tuberosum , Solanum , Phytophthora infestans , Temperature , Colombia
8.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 38(3): 210-212, dic. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058065

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is generally associated with thoracic aortic dilatation (TAD). Related factors include; genetical, morphological (valvular phenotype) and most recently, hemodynamic profiles associated with flow pattern and wall shear stress. Cardiac magnetic resonance 4D Flow (4DF) can give an integral evaluation of these later flow variables. Remarkable, different spectrums of flow and vortex direction exist in BAV that are related to the site of TAD (proximal or distal). Therefore, we present a 57 years old patient with BAV (Sievers 0) with anteroposterior leaflets distribution in which 4DF depicted an anteriorly and righthand oriented jet that correlated with the zone of grater AD; also, vortex rotation was counterclockwise, corresponding to the most frequent vortex type in BAV. In conclusion, 4DF is a powerful and ground-breaking tool that enhances our knowledge of BAV related aortopathy.


Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine/methods , Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease , Aortic Aneurysm , Aortic Diseases/physiopathology , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques/methods
9.
Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab ; 56(3): 21-30, set. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125832

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La hiponatremia por insuficiencia suprarenal secundaria es subestimada tratamiento inapropiados. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y bioquímicas de pacientes con hiponatremia por insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria y sus causas. Materiales y Metodos: Revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas de pacientes consultantes a un hospital de tercer nivel entre Enero 2015 a Septiembre 2017 con hiponatremia y bioquímica de insuficiencia suprarenal secundaria. Los hallazgos fueron comparados con los reportados por estudios previamente publicados. Resultados: Todos los pacientes con insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria se presentaron con hiponatremia euvolemica hipotónica. 54.5% eran mujeres, la edad promedio fue 57 años. Solo 1 paciente tuvo hiponatremia leve. La mediana de la concentración de cortisol fue 2.8 mcg/dL (RIQ 1.75-3.25 mcg/dL) y la de ACTH fue de 7.7 pg/nL (RIQ 4.5-9.5 pg/nL). Todos los pacientes tuvieron densidad urinaria alta indistinguible del SSIDH. El hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico y el hipotiroidismo central fueron las alteraciones de ejes hipofisarios mas comúnmente asociados. La presencia de hipoglicemia, hipotensión e hipercaliemia fue baja. La causa más frecuente fue silla turca vacía. Conclusiones: La hiponatremia hipotonica euvolémica es una presentación común de insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria y no suele acompañarse de otras manifestaciones de deficiencia de glucocorticoides. Es clínica y bioquímicamente indistinguible del SSIDH. Un bajo umbral de sospecha y la medición de cortisol serico matutino es esencial en estos pacientes para evitar un diagnostico y manejo inapropiados.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Hyponatremia due to secondary adrenal insufficiency is frequently underestimated and underdiagnosed. This paper underscores the importance of an adequate evaluation of euvolemic hyponatremia to avoid an inappropriate treatment and diagnosis. Objectives: To describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with hyponatremia due to secondary adrenal insufficiency and its causes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of patients presenting to a third level hospital between January 2015 to September 2017 with hyponatremia and a biochemical profile of secondary adrenal insufficiency. Findings were compared with previously published reports. Results: All patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency presented with hypotonic euvolemic hyponatremia. 54.5% of patients were females, median age was 57 years. Only 1 patient had mild hyponatremia. Cortisol median concentration was 2.8 mcg/dL (IQR 1.75-3.25 mcg/dL) and median ACTH concentration was 7.7 pg/nL (IQR 4.5-9.5 pg/nL). All the patients had high urinary density and features indistinguishable from SIADH. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and central hypothyroidism were the most commonly accompanying hypophyseal axis. Hypoglycemia, hypotension, and hyperkalemia were infrequent findings in these patients. The most frequent etiology identified was empty sella syndrome. Conclusions: Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia is a common presentation of secondary adrenal insufficiency and is often not accompanied with other manifestations of glucocorticoid deficiency. This disease is clinical and biochemical indistinguishable from SIADH. A low threshold for suspicion and a serum morning cortisol measurement in these patients is essential to avoid an inappropriate diagnosis and management.

10.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 34(2): 144-151, abr.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013930

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: la colonoscopia es el examen estándar de oro para evaluar la mucosa del colon. De la limpieza del colon en la preparación intestinal para colonoscopia depende el hallazgo de pólipos, que pueden ser adenomatosos con potencial maligno y con la posibilidad de degenerarse en cáncer de colon. Objetivo: comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de tres tipos de preparaciones para la limpieza del colon: dosis única de polietilenglicol (PEG) 4 litros (4 L) y dosis divididas: PEG 4 L dividido (2 L + 2 L) y PEG 2 L dividido (1 L + 1 L) de volumen bajo. Métodos: en pacientes con una colonoscopia electiva de una clínica universitaria, se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado y ciego (para el médico que evaluó la limpieza del colon). Se asignaron 74 pacientes para cada grupo. El parámetro principal de eficacia fue la preparación integral de calidad adecuada medida con la escala de Boston, y los parámetros secundarios fueron el porcentaje de eventos adversos, la tolerabilidad y la tasa de detección de pólipos. Resultados: la preparación completa de todo el colon fue significativamente de mayor la calidad en la alternativa de 4 L divididos (2 L + 2 L), seguida de la otra alternativa dividida (1 L + 1 L) y menor en la dosis única (79,7 %, 75,7 % y 63,5 %, respectivamente, p = 0,019); también se encontraron diferencias en la detección de pólipos (13,5 %, 24,3 % y 9,5 %, p = 0,037) y sin diferencias en la presentación de al menos un evento adverso (p = 0,254) ni en la tolerabilidad (p = 0,640). Conclusiones: las dos preparaciones de dosis dividida tienen una mayor eficacia en la limpieza del colon en comparación con la dosis única de 4 L y en la detección de pólipos, mientras que no se evidencian diferencias en las preparaciones para la ocurrencia de eventos adversos y la tolerabilidad. La dosis de PEG 2 L dividido puede ser una muy buena opción para las preparaciones de colonoscopia electiva.


Abstract Introduction: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for evaluation of the colonic mucosa. Colon cleansing in preparation for colonoscopy depends on finding of polyps which can be adenomatous with malignant potential and the possibility of degenerating into colon cancer. Objective: This study's objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of three types of preparations for colon cleansing: a single four liter dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) vs. two 2 liter doses of PEG vs. two low volume (1L + 1L) doses of PEG. Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial of patients who underwent elective colonoscopy at a University clinic. It was blinded for the doctor who evaluated colon cleansing. Seventy four patients 74 patients were randomized into each group. The main parameter of effectiveness was integral preparation of adequate quality measured on the Boston scale. Secondary parameters were the percentage of adverse events, tolerability and detection rate of polyps. Results: Complete preparation of the entire colon was achieved significantly more often with 4 liters divided into two 2 liter doses followed by the other divided alternative (1 L + 1 L). It was achieved least frequently with in the single dose: 79.7%, 75.7% and 63.5%, respectively, p = 0.019. Differences were also found in the detection of polyps (13.5%, 24.3% and 9.5%, respectively, p = 0.037). ) There were no differences in presentation of at least one adverse event (p = 0.254) or in tolerability (p = 0.640). Conclusions: The two divided dose preparations had higher colon cleansing and polyp detection efficacies than did the single 4L dose while there were no differences in occurrence of adverse events and tolerability. The divided PEG 2L dose could be a very good option for elective colonoscopy preparation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Polyethylene Glycols , Safety , Efficacy , Colonoscopy , Colon , Disaster Preparedness , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Patients , Colonic Neoplasms , Dosage
11.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 40(1): e201823, Jan.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043129

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente trabajo describe un prototipo de una silla de ruedas que es dirigido hacia enfrente y hacia atrás usando 2 o 3 parpadeos, respectivamente, y es detenido cuando se alcanzan ciertos niveles de atención. El objetivo principal es que las personas que tienen discapacidad motora en sus extremidades puedan usarlo para desplazarse y les brinde autonomía. Para captar la señal de los parpadeos, se utilizó la diadema MindWave Mobile de Neurosky. Se implementó un circuito electrónico en conjunto con Arduino que permite complementar la ejecución del accionamiento del prototipo. El prototipo se probó con 10 personas cuyas edades oscilan entre 20 y 35 años. Los resultados muestran que, en un 80% de los casos, el prototipo se mueve correctamente. La gran ventaja del presente trabajo es que la interfaz cerebro-computadora con la que cuenta este prototipo no requiere entrenamiento previo del sistema, por lo cual, puede ser usado por cualquier persona. Además, su costo es más accesible comparado con otros dispositivos para el mismo fin.


Abstract The present work describes a prototype of a wheel chair directed by means of eye blinks, which can be moved forwards, and backwards using 2 or 3 eye blinks, respectively, and stopped when a certain attention level is met. The main objective of this work is to help people, who have motor disabilities on their arms and legs, move and have autonomy. In order to register the eye blinking signals, the MindWave Mobile device from Neurosky was used. Moreover, an electronic circuit in combination with Arduino has been used to make the prototype work. This prototype has been tested in 10 healthy people from 20 to 35 years old. According to the results, in 80% of the cases the prototype worked correctly. The main advantage of the present work is that the brain-computer interface, which is part of the prototype, does not require training, and hence, it could be used by most of the people. Moreover, its cost is less than similar devices.

12.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 40(1): e201838, Jan.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043132

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se describe el proceso para obtener un adhesivo sensible a la presión (PSA). Este PSA está formado por un copolímero de acrilato de 2-etilhexil (2-EHA) / metacrilato de metilo (MMA) en una relación 80:20 que se polimerizó mediante una técnica de polimerización en emulsión. Se añadieron nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (NPZnO) a este copolímero, que se sintetizaron previamente y se modificaron superficialmente con 3-aminopropil-3-toxisilano (APTES) y dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) para mejorar su dispersión en la matriz de copolímero. Los nanocompuestos obtenidos se caracterizaron por espectroscopía infrarroja (FTIR), calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) y pruebas de adhesión al delaminado. Además, se determinó la actividad antimicrobiana contra S. aureus y S. pyogenes, así como la citotoxicidad en células humanas (HeLa). Los resultados demostraron que la adición de las nanopartículas de NPZnO al copolímero incrementa la temperatura de transición vítrea (Tg) así como las propiedades antimicrobianas del adhesivo mejorando a su vez su adhesión superficial. Con respecto al comportamiento adhesivo, el PSA con NPZnO sin modificar mostró una mayor resistencia al delaminado, esto quiere decir que las nanopartículas incrementan la fuerza cohesiva y proporcionan resistencia a temperaturas elevadas, lo cual sería beneficioso a su aplicación final. Finalmente, los resultados de citotoxicidad mostraron que la incorporación de NPZnO al PSA disminuye la viabilidad celular, sin embargo no se considera tóxico acorde a la norma ISO 10993 test for in vitro cytotoxicity.


Abstract The process for obtaining a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) is described. This PSA is formed by an acrylate copolymer of 2-ethylhexyl (2-EHA) / methyl methacrylate (MMA) in an 80:20 ratio which was polymerized by emulsion polymerization technique. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPZnO) were added to this copolymer, which were previously synthesized, and surface modified with 3-aminopropyltretoxysilane (APTES) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to improve its dispersion in the copolymer matrix. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and T-peel adhesion tests. In addition, the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes as well as the cytotoxicity in human cells (HeLa) were determined. The results demonstrated that the ZnO nanoparticles incorporation enhanced the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the antimicrobial activity of PSA copolymer as well as its surface adhesion. It was confirmed that NPZnO modification with APTES increased its antimicrobial activity. Regarding adhesive behavior, PSA with unmodified NPZnO showed a greater peel resistance. This indicates that these nanoparticles enhances the cohesive force and induces a better high temperature performance, which is beneficial for the final application. Finally, cytotoxicity results showed that the incorporation of NPZnO to PSA decreases the cell viability, however this PSA is not toxic according to the standard ISO 10993 test for in vitro cytotoxicity.

14.
Acta ortop. mex ; 33(1): 24-27, ene.-feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248628

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Mostrar el resultado a corto plazo de la liberación artroscópica en pacientes que presentan epicondilitis crónica lateral. Material y métodos: Se realiza liberación artroscópica de tres pacientes con epicondilitis lateral. Seguimiento de seis meses. Se utiliza la escala de Clínica Mayo para valoración de resultados. Se lleva a cabo revisión y discusión de la literatura. Resultados: Dos pacientes del género femenino y uno del género masculino dedicados a las actividades cotidianas, no deportistas. El dolor fue el síntoma capital que afectó el puntaje de la escala de valoración. Estos puntajes mejoraron luego de la cirugía. Se logró retorno precoz a sus actividades cotidianas. No se reportaron complicaciones neurológicas. Discusión: El tratamiento artroscópico resultó una alternativa segura y eficaz para el tratamiento de la epicondilitis lateral en estos tres pacientes, el cual permite realizar simultáneamente exploración articular con fines diagnósticos y tratar patologías asociadas. Se requieren series más amplias y estudios comparativos a fin de establecer protocolos definitivos en nuestra casuística.


Abstract: Objective: To assess the outcome of arthroscopic release in three patients with chronical lateral epicondylitis. Material and methods: Arthroscopic release in three patients with lateral epicondylitis is performed. Mayo Clinic scale for evaluation of results is used. A review and discussion of the literature is made. Results: Three patients, two female and one male, the common activities was principal labors, not athletes. Patients had significant pain. It was the principal symptom that affect the score of the rating scale. These scores improved after surgery. It was achieved early return to normal daily activities. No neurological complications were reported. Discussion: Arthroscopic treatment was an alternative safe and effective for treating chronical lateral epicondilitis in this three cases. It allows simultaneous joint exploration for diagnostic purposes and to treat associated pathologies. Broader Series and studies are necessary in order to establish definitive protocols in our cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arthroscopy , Tennis Elbow/surgery , Tennis Elbow/complications , Pain/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
15.
Medwave ; 19(4): e7641, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-998354

ABSTRACT

La sinovitis villonodular pigmentada es un tumor benigno del tejido sinovial de muy baja incidencia. El compromiso de tobillo es aún menos frecuente. Se requiere diagnóstico y manejo precoz para evitar secuelas funcionales y mecánicas irreversibles. Se manifiesta inicialmente con aumento de volumen de partes blandas, edema o derrame articular y puede evolucionar con dolor progresivo y daño articular avanzado. Existe una forma focal y una difusa, siendo esta última la de peor pronóstico. El examen diagnóstico de elección es la resonancia magnética, confirmándose por biopsia en la que se observa tejido sinovial inflamatorio con depósitos de hemosiderina. El tratamiento es quirúrgico y consiste en sinovectomía abierta o artroscópica. La recurrencia es de hasta un 40%, por lo que están descritas terapias coadyuvantes biológicas y radioterapia. Este artículo expone el caso de un hombre de 30 años que consulta por dolor y claudicación del tobillo izquierdo, encontrándose en el estudio imagenológico (resonancia magnética) hallazgos compatibles con sinovitis villonodular pigmentada difusa del tobillo, con extensión a la articulación subtalar, por lo que se realiza artroscopía para tratamiento y biopsia. En este reporte de caso se ilustran los resultados con este paciente y una revisión bibliográfica del tema.


Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign tumor of synovial tissue with a very low incidence. Ankle location is even less frequent. Early diagnosis and management are required to avoid irreversible functional and mechanical sequelae. The clinical presentation starts with edema or joint effusion and may progress with pain and advanced joint degenerative changes. Pigmented villonodular synovitis can be focal or diffuse, the latter being the type with the worst prognosis. When suspected, magnetic resonance imaging is performed, and the diagnosis confirmed with a biopsy in which synovial inflammatory tissue with hemosiderin deposits is observed. An open or arthroscopic synovectomy is preferred over surgical management. Recurrence is up to 40%, which is why biological coadjutant therapies and radiotherapy are described. This article presents the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with pain and claudication of the left ankle; the imaging study findings were compatible with diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the ankle with extension to the subtalar joint, leading to arthroscopy for treatment and biopsy. This case report illustrates the results with this patient and a literature review of the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Arthroscopy/methods , Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/surgery , Ankle Joint/surgery , Pain/etiology , Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/diagnosis , Biopsy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Synovectomy/methods , Ankle Joint/pathology
16.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 33(2): 117-126, abr.-jun. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-960049

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) (colitis ulcerativa [CU], enfermedad de Crohn [EC]) es una patología inflamatoria crónica y recurrente del tracto digestivo, de causa aún incierta. La incidencia y prevalencia de esta enfermedad están en aumento a nivel mundial, especialmente en los países en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: describir las características del fenotipo y el tipo de tratamiento administrado a 165 pacientes con diagnóstico de EII que consultaron durante el período comprendido entre el 5 de julio del 2013 y el 31 de diciembre del 2016 en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo basado en frecuencias y proporciones de los pacientes con diagnóstico de EII atendidos en la Clínica Universitaria Colombia (Bogotá) entre el 5 de julio del 2013 y el 31 de diciembre del 2016. Resultados: el 75,8% de los casos correspondió a CU y el 24,2% a EC, con un leve predominio del sexo femenino en ambas (56% y 55%, respectivamente); la forma de presentación más frecuente de la CU fue la pancolitis en el 46,4%. Los pacientes con EC tuvieron un compromiso más frecuentemente ileocolónico (52,5%) e inflamatorio no estenosante ni fistulizante (60%), un mayor porcentaje de manifestaciones extraintestinales (35%), de uso de medicamentos biológicos (35%) y requirieron un mayor número de cirugías (27,5%) en comparación con los pacientes con CU.


Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease which are chronic and recurrent inflammatory pathologies of the digestive tract whose causes are still uncertain. IBD's incidence and prevalence are increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries. Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe phenotypic characteristics and types of treatment of 165 patients diagnosed with IBD treated between July 5, 2013 and December 31, 2016 at a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: This is a descriptive study based on frequencies and proportions of patients diagnosed with IBD at the University Clinic Colombia in Bogotá between July 5, 2013 and December 31, 2016. Results: UC accounted for 75.8% of the cases while CD accounted for 24.2% of these cases. Women accounted for a slightly larger proportion of patients than did men: 56% of UC cases and 55% of CD cases. UC's most frequent form of presentation was pancolitis which was found 46.4% of the patients. Frequent forms of CD presentation were ileocolonic (52.5%) and inflammatory non-stenosing or fistulizing (60%). CD patients had a greater percentage of extraintestinal manifestations (35%), greater use of biological medications (35%) and required a greater number of surgeries (27.5%) than did UC patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Crohn Disease , Pathology , Gastrointestinal Tract , Diagnosis
17.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 86(1): 1-12, feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-975397

ABSTRACT

Resumen OBJETIVO: Definir los límites de referencia de las concentraciones de lípidos en gestaciones no complicadas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico efectuado en pacientes embarazadas sanas atendidas en el servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Churruca-Visca de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes embarazadas con edad entre 14 y 43 años. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes en tratamiento farmacológico que pudiera afectar el metabolismo lipídico o tener complicaciones obstétricas o neonatales. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 163 embarazadas con edad promedio de 27.2 ± 6.5 años, que se categorizaron en cuatro grupos. En el primer trimestre el colesterol no HDL fue significativamente diferente entre las cuatro categorías de IMC (p < 0.05). En el segundo trimestre se encontraron iguales resultados para colesterol no HDL y LDL (p < 0.05) mientras que las concentraciones de triglicéridos fueron significativamente diferentes de acuerdo con las cinco categorías de edad (p < 0.05). En el tercer trimestre no se encontraron diferencias en las concentraciones de lípidos por edad ni por IMC. Tampoco se obtuvieron diferencias por ganancia de peso (menos o más de 10 kg). CONCLUSIONES: Las concentraciones de lípidos y lipoproteínas se incrementaron a lo largo del embarazo. No hubo diferencia significativa entre mujeres con bajo y peso normal versus sobrepeso-obesidad. Es necesario reunir más información de valores de referencia de lípidos y lipoproteínas para poder definir el estado de dislipidemia en las embarazadas.


Abstract OBJECTIVE: To define the reference limits of lipid concentrations in uncomplicated gestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective and analytical study carried out in healthy pregnant patients treated in the obstetrics service of the Churruca-Visca Hospital. Inclusion criteria: being pregnant and between 14 and 43 years of age. Exclusion criteria: being in pharmacological treatment that could affect lipid metabolism or have obstetric or neonatal complications. RESULTS: 163 pregnant women were studied with an average age of 27.2 ± 6.5 years, which was categorized into four groups. In the first trimester non-HDL cholesterol was significantly different among the four categories of BMI (p <0.05). In the second quarter, the same results were found for non-HDL and LDL cholesterol (p <0.05), while triglyceride concentrations were significantly different according to the five age categories (p <0.05). In the third quarter there were no differences in lipid concentrations by age or BMI. Nor were differences obtained by weight gain (less or more than 10 kg). CONCLUSIONS: Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations increased during pregnancy. There was no significant difference between women with low and normal weight versus overweight-obesity. It is necessary to gather more information on reference values of lipids and lipoproteins in order to define the state of dyslipidemia in pregnant women.

18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(6): 741-746, June 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902539

ABSTRACT

Background: Age plays a crucial role in women fertility and is related with a decreased oocyte quality and quantity. The evidence for this asseveration comes from data obtained in infertile women. However there is a paucity of studies in patients with proven fertility evaluating ovarian reserve and its decline with time. Aim: To measure antral follicle count (AFC) in probed fertile patients and to create a distribution chart based on variables that may affect its natural decline. Material and Methods: Observational prospective study. A transvaginal ultrasound was made between menstrual cycle days 3 and 5, evaluating AFC in 100 patients, followed during a year. Results: Median antral follicle count media was 14.5 (interval 3 to 26). There was a lineal decline of AFC with age. Women with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly less follicles. However, a multiple regression analysis showed that only women's age was a significant predictor of AFC (R2 = 0.84). Conclusions: There was a lineal relationship between AFC and age in women with probed fertility.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aging/physiology , Fertility/physiology , Ovarian Reserve/physiology , Ovarian Follicle/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Body Mass Index , Cell Count/statistics & numerical data , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Ultrasonography , Age Factors
19.
Med. infant ; 24(1): 21-26, marzo 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-879132

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los reportes de infecciones por enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) han aumentado en los últimos años. Material y métodos: Cohorte prospectiva. Se realizó la búsqueda de EV-D68 en niños internados en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan entre 1-5-2016 y 30-9-2016 con: infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) que requirieran cuidados intensivos, parálisis aguda fláccida (PAF) asimétrica con compromiso de sustancia gris en resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) o identificación de cualquier enterovirus con cuadro clínico compatible. La identificación de EV-D68 se realizó en el Servicio de Neurovirus, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas INEI-ANLIS "Dr. CG. Malbrán". Resultados: n: 6. PAF: cuatro niños presentaron PAF asimétrica, con arreflexia y RMN compatible con mielitis. Requirieron ventilación mecánica en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) dos de los 4 niños. Todos presentaron parálisis residual. Se identificó EV-D68 en secreciones nasofaríngeas (SNF) de todos ellos. En líquido cefalorraquídeo sólo en uno. Miocarditis: Una niña sana de 5 años se internó en UCI por disfunción miocárdica y fiebre. Presentaba además derrame pericárdico moderado. Recibió gamaglobulina e.v. con buena evolución. En SNF se identificaron virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR) y EV-D68. IRAB grave: se identificó EV-D68 en un paciente de 14 meses que permaneció en UCI por IRAB grave con requerimientos de ventilación no invasiva por 72 hs, con buena evolución posterior. Se constató coinfección VSR y EV-D68 en SNF. Conclusiones: Se reportan 6 pacientes internados con infección por EV-D68. La vigilancia epidemiológica activa es esencial para identificar la circulación, las características clínicas y el pronostico de las infecciones por virus emergentes (AU)


Introduction: Reports on enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections have increased over the past years. Material and methods: A prospective cohort study. A search for EV-D68 infection was conducted in children hospitalized at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan between 1-5-2016 and 30-9-2016 with: acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) requiring intensive care unit (UCI) admission, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), asymmetry with grey matter involvement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or identification of any enterovirus associated with compatible features. The identification of EV-D68 was performed at the Department of Neuroviruses of the InstitutoNacional de EnfermedadesInfecciosas INEI-ANLIS "Dr. CG. Malbrán". Results: n: 6. AFP: four children had asymmetric AFP with areflexia and MRI compatible with myelitis. Two of four required mechanical ventilation in the ICU. All of them presented with residual paralysis. EV-D68 was identified in the nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) in all of them and in the cerebrospinal fluid in only one. Myocarditis: A 5-year-old healthy girl was admitted to the ICU because of myocardial dysfunction and fever associated with moderate pericardial effusion. She was put on IV gamma globulin with a good response. In the NPS respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and EV-D68 were identified. Severe ALRI: EV-D68 was identified in a 14-month-old patient who was admitted to the UCU because of severe ALRI requiring non-invasive ventilation for 72 hours with a good outcome. A RSV and EV-D68 coinfection was found in the NPS. Conclusions: We report six inpatients with a EV-D68 infection. Active epidemiological surveillance is crucial to identify circulation of the virus, clinical features, and prognosis of emerging viruses (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Critical Care , Enterovirus D, Human , Enterovirus Infections/diagnosis , Myelitis/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Acute Disease
20.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467268

ABSTRACT

Abstract During the last years Phytophthora infestans sensu lato (Mont. De Bary) has caused epidemics in Colombia in Andean fruit crops such as Solanum quitoense and Solanum betaceum. Establishment of new or modified experimental procedures to study this pathogen is a mandatory subject for scientists. Twelve isolates of Phytophthora spp. obtained from six different Solanum hosts in Colombia were used to evaluate the effect of five different solid media for growth and ability to produce sporangia and liberate zoospores. Determination of the best media culture and optimal growth temperature were necessary to perform measurements and correlate the provenance of isolates with phenotypic traits. Modifications were made to use ingredients available in local markets on the following media: lime bean agar (LBA), Tree tomato or tree tomato agar (TA), carrot agar (AZ), Rye A modified agar and 32% non-clarified V8 agar. Cardinal temperature determination was performed at 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. Morphometric traits were measured once the optimal media culture and temperature were defined. Correlation analysis showed that there is a relationship between the host and isolates preferences for media culture and optimal growth temperature. In addition, the production of characteristic sporangia, sporangiophore and mycelia was related with the media type used and host from which the isolate was collected. In this work useful information was provided to make studies about the biology and development of isolates gathered from cultivated and wild non-traditional hosts.


Resumo Durante os últimos anos Phytophthora infestans sensu lato causou epidemias na Colômbia em lavouras de frutos andinos, como Solanum quitoense e Solanum betaceum. Estabelecimento de procedimentos experimentais novos ou modificados para estudar este patógeno é um assunto obrigatório para os cientistas. Doze isolados de Phytophthora spp. obtidos de seis diferentes hosts Solanum na Colômbia foram usados para avaliar o efeito de cinco diferentes mídias sólidas para o crescimento e a capacidade de produzir esporângios e libertar zoósporos. Determinação da melhor cultura de mídia e temperatura de crescimento ideal foram necessárias para realizar medições e correlacionar a proveniência de isolados com traços fenotípica. Foram feitas modificações para usar os ingredientes disponíveis nos mercados locais nos seguintes meios: ágar do feijão de cal (LBA), tomate da árvore ou ágar do tomate da árvore (TA), ágar da cenoura (AZ), centeio um ágar modificado e 32% de ágar-V8 não-esclarecido. A determinação da temperatura Cardeal foi realizada em 10, 15, 20 e 25 °C. Traços morfométricos foram medidos uma vez que a cultura de mídia ideal e temperatura foram definidos. Análise de correlação mostrou que há uma relação entre o hospedeiro e isolar as preferências para a cultura de mídia e temperatura de crescimento ideal. Além disso, a produção de esporângios característica, esporangióforo e mycelia foi relacionada com o tipo de mídia utilizado e hospedeiros a partir do qual o isolado foi coletado. Neste trabalho foram fornecidas informações úteis para fazer estudos sobre a biologia e o desenvolvimento de isolados recolhidos de hospedeiros não-tradicionais cultivados e selvagens.

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